千湖之美｜到涨渡湖观鸟
编者按
千湖之省。
湖北，以湖为家园，以湖著称于世，以湖传承子孙。
那些星罗棋布的湖泊像散落的珍珠，被交错的河流编织成旅游引人入胜的水乡泽国风光。秀丽的自然景观和丰富的历史人文景观成为湖北生态的主要内容。
春暖涨渡湖湿地
涨渡湖在中国湖北省武汉市新洲区，与长江相通，江、河、湖混沌一片，天水一色，横无际涯。湖中的岗地则成为一个个湖嘴、孤岛、沙洲、滩涂。据说"汛期一湖水，枯水一片荒"，因"涨水为渡，落水为湖"，故名涨渡湖。
2002年9月，涨渡湖被世界自然基金会（WWF）定为湿地自然保护区。2003年2月中旬，该组织把它列为湿地保护长江项目。
涨渡湖湿地是候鸟的天堂
"看一个地方生态好不好，就看鸟来多少。"原国家林业局副局长赵学敏这样说。鸟择水而居，对水质有极高的要求，是湖泊生态最公正的裁判。目前，涨渡湖已确定的鸟类达103种，水体原生动物11种，水体浮游甲壳类动物6种，两栖类动物10种，爬行类动物16种，哺乳动物20种。
红嘴鸥
冬日来涨渡湖，你一定要带好相机，抓拍这最温暖最动人的画面：近10万只红嘴鸥，铺满整个湖面。经常有一些爱鸟者前来观鸟，其中不乏国际友人。他们自带干粮、帐篷，在涨渡湖住下来，短则几天，长则数月。
2009年12月23日，天气寒冷。一位美国教授，为了近处观鸟，找当地老农借过胸水衣下湖蹚行，一不小心，水衣被水下荆棘刺破，遍体进水。上岸后，教授到老农家火炉旁烘烤御寒。教授拿出100美元赔偿老农水衣。老农不认识美元，以为是假钱，不收。后来通过翻译，换成了人民币，老农才收下。
林业部门的护鸟员在湿地观察鸟儿生活情况
湿地、森林与海洋，并称全球三大生态系统。近年来，湖北省上下不断加大湿地保护和修复力度，湿地面积由减变增，现有湿地面积2167万亩，居中部第一。湿地保护体系基本形成，已建各类湿地公园、湿地保护区168个。其中，国际重要湿地有3个，分别是沉湖、洪湖和大九湖，居中部第一。国家湿地公园63个，居全国第三，全省湿地有效保护率提高到40%。
Preface
Hubei Province is known as “The Province of a Thousand Lakes” in China.
It is a place where its magnificent lakes are synonymous with the hearth and home, synonymous with its far-reaching reputation, and synonymous with the unique heritage it will pass on to future generations.
Multitudinous lakes dot this province like stars in the sky and sparkle like freshly polished pearls, while the crisscrossing waterways are woven into the tapestry that captivates tourists with its unique watery vistas and jade lake lands. Not only are there the eye-catching natural landscapes, there is also a wealth of history and culture that attracts people to come, as well as attracts them to stay.
Listen to Chirps of Birds at Zhangdu Lake
Zhangdu Lake is located in Xinzhou District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. It is connected to the Yangtze River. Creeks, rivers, and lakes meet here, creating a vast and boundless water, the border of which blends into the sky on the horizon. The hillocks in the lake become dotted lake mouths, islands, sandbars, and mudflats, and swamps. When flood comes, we see a lake of water; yet in dry season, we'll find a thirsty plain. Hence the name Zhangdu Lake, literally meaning "rising water can float a ferry, while a falling tide exposes barren areas."
In September of 2002, Zhangdu Lake was designated as a Wetland Nature Reserve by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF). In mid-February of 2003, WWF listed it as a wetland protection project on the Yangtze River.
"The number of birds can judge best the ecological situation of a place," said Zhao Xuemin, former deputy director of the State Forestry Administration. Birds like to live by water and have extremely high demands on the water quality. Therefore, they make the most impartial referees of a lake's ecological environment. At present, there are 103 species of birds identified in Zhangdu Lake, 11 species of aquatic protozoa, 6 species of floating crustaceans, 10 species of amphibians, 16 species of reptiles, and 20 species of mammals.
If you make the journey to Zhangdu Lake in the wintertime, you will definitely not feel you had come in vain. Be sure to bring along your camera to capture some of the most lively and dynamic images you'll ever point a lens at, namely the nearly 100,000 Black-headed Gulls covering the surface of the lake like a satin quilt. At Zhangdu Lake, bird enthusiasts, many of whom are foreign expats, frequently come toting their own food, tents, and necessities, determined to pass the time bird watching. Here along the shores gilded with Rape Flowers, they set up camps by Zhangdu Lake, some planning to stay long, and others just a brief spell. For those staying a short while, it could be for a few days, and for the others, up to several months.
It was a cold day on December 23, 2009. An American professor seeking a close angle to watch birds borrowed a chest-high waterproof suit from a local farmer. The suit was pierced by underwater thorns and water soaked through. After coming ashore, the professor went to the old farmer's home to dry his wet clothing and get warm by the stove. He took out 100 US dollars to compensate the old farmer for the damaged water suit, yet the latter did not recognize the US banknote and thought it was fake money. Later only through translation and exchanging the dollar into RMB notes, did the farmer take the money.
Wetlands, forests, and oceans are the world's three major ecosystems. In recent years, Hubei Province has been continuously strengthening its wetland protection and restoration work. As a result, the dwindling area of wetlands has been increasing. Right now, the area of existing wetlands is 21.67 million mu (around 1.44 million hectares), ranking first in Central China; wetland protection systems have basically taken shape, with 168 wetland parks and wetland reserves established. Among them, three are internationally important wetlands, namely Chen Lake, Hong Lake, and Dajiu Lake; 63 are national wetland parks, ranking third in the country. The rate of effective wetland protection in the whole province has increased to 40%.
（来源：特别关注）
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